Math module
The math module provides mathematical functions defined by c standard. The most commonly used functions are explained below.
ceil
Syntax:
ceil(x)
Description:
It returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
Example: 1
math.ceil(5.3)
Output
6
Example: 2
math.ceil(-5.3)
Output
-5
copysign
Syntax:
Copysign(x,y)
Description
It returns x with the sign of y
Example: 1
x = 2
y = 2
math.copysign(x, -y)
Output
-2.0
Example: 2
x = 2
y = -2
math.copysign(x, -y)
Output
2.0
fabs
Syntax:
fabs(x)
Description
It returns the absolute value of x
Example: 1
math.fabs(2.0)
Output
2.0
Example: 2
math.fabs(-2.0)
Output
2.0
factorial
Syntax:
factorial(x)
Description
It returns the factorial of x
Example: 1
math.factorial(5)
Output
120
Example: 2
math.factorial(-5)
Output
ValueError: factorial() not defined for negative values
floor
Syntax:
floor(x)
Description
It returns the largest integer less than or equal to x
Example: 1
math.floor(10.2)
Output
10
Example: 2
math.floor(-10.2)
Output
- 11
fmod
Syntax:
fmod(x)
Description
It returns the remainder when x is divided by y
Example: 1
math.fmod(5, 2)
Output
1
Example: 2
math.fmod(5, -2)
Output
1
frexp(x)
Syntax:
frexp(x)
Description
It returns the mantissa and exponent of x as the pair (m, e)
Example: 1
math.frexp(5)
Output
(0.625, 3)
fsum
Syntax:
fsum(x)
Description
It returns floating point sum of values in an iterable
Example: 1
math.fsum([1.21, 3.14, 5.98])
Output
10.33
Example: 2
math.fsum((1.21, -7.67565,3.14, 5.98))
Output
2.6543500000000004
isfinite
Syntax:
isfinite(x)
Description
It returns True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN (Not a Number)
Example: 1
math.isfinite(123456789123456789)
Output
True
Example: 2
math.isfinite(float("nan"))
Output
True
isnan
Syntax:
isnan(x)
Description
It returns True if x is a NaN
Example: 1
math.isnan( float('nan'))
Output
True
Example: 2
math.isnan(5.0)
Output
False
modf
Syntax:
modf(x)
Description
It returns the fractional and integer parts of x
Example: 1
math.modf(2)
Output
(0.0, 2.0)
Example: 2
math.modf(5.5)
Output
(0.5, 5.0)
trunc
Syntax:
trunc(x)
Description
It returns the truncated integer value of x
Example: 1
math.trunc(10.5)
Output
10
Example: 2
math.trunc(-10.5)
Output
-10
exp
Syntax:
exp(x)
Description
It returns e**x
Example: 1
math.exp(2)
Output
7.38905609893065
Example: 2
math.exp(-2)
Output
0.1353352832366127
log
Syntax:
log(x,[base])
Description
It returns the logarithm of x to the base (default value of base is e)
Example: 1
math.log(1024,2)
Output
10.0
Example: 2
math.log(1000,10)
Output
2.9999999999999996
log10(x)
Syntax:
log10(x)
Description
It returns the base-10 logarithm of x
Example: 1
math.log10(1000)
Output
3.0
Example: 2
math.log10(90)
Output
1.954242509439325
pow(x, y)
Syntax:
pow(x,y)
Description
It returns x raised to the power y
Example: 1
math.pow(2,5)
Output
32.0
sqrt
Syntax:
sqrt(x)
Description
It returns the square root of x
Example: 1
math.sqrt(25)
Output
5.0
Example: 2
math.sqrt(-5)
Output
ValueError: math domain error
Other Math Module functions
|
ldexp(x, i) |
It returns x * (2**i) |
|
expm1(x) |
It returns e**x - 1 |
|
log1p(x) |
It returns the natural logarithm of 1+x |
|
log2(x) |
It returns the base-2 logarithm of x |
|
acos(x) |
It returns the arc cosine of x. |
|
asin(x) |
It returns the arc sine of x. |
|
atan(x) |
It returns the arc tangent of x. |
|
atan2(y, x) |
It returns atan(y / x). |
|
cos(x) |
It returns the cosine of x. |
|
hypot(x, y) |
It returns the Euclidean norm, sqrt(x*x + y*y). |
|
sin(x) |
It returns the sine of x. |
|
tan(x) |
It returns the tangent of x. |
|
degrees(x) |
Converts angle x from radians to degrees. |
|
radians(x) |
Converts angle x from degrees to radians. |
|
acosh(x) |
It returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x. |
|
asinh(x) |
It returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of x. |
|
atanh(x) |
It returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x. |
|
cosh(x) |
It returns the hyperbolic cosine of x. |
|
sinh(x) |
It returns the hyperbolic cosine of x. |
|
tanh(x) |
It returns the hyperbolic tangent of x. |
|
erf(x) |
It returns the error function at x. |
|
erfc(x) |
It returns the complementary error function at x. |
|
gamma(x) |
It returns the Gamma function at x. |
|
lgamma |
It returns the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma. |
Constant in Math Module
|
pi |
Mathematical constant (3.14159...)
|
|
e |
Mathematical constant e (2.71828...) |
